地上输油管道泄漏危害研究进展

The Research Progress on the Leakage of the Ground Oil Pipeline

输油管道泄漏事故对环境的影响很大,如果泄漏产生的油池和蒸汽云遇明火发生爆炸和燃烧,会对企业造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡,国内外学者针对输油管道泄漏危害进行了大量的研究,总结出了大量石油污染物的迁移规律,但是所得到的迁移规律大都受特定环境条件的约束,参考价值不大,因此寻找适用范围广泛的污染物迁移规律和影响其扩散效果的各个因素之间关系是今后研究的主要方向。石油蒸汽云的爆炸属于重气扩散,其扩散范围集中在近地处,受环境因素影响较大。遇明火室外爆炸评价使用TNO多能法比TNT当量法更为适用,模拟研究也证实了这一点,并且不同组分的蒸汽云产生的危害范围不尽相同。爆炸引发的池火灾的模拟主要是研究各因素对燃烧特性的影响及伤害范围,而小尺度油池试验得出的结论能否用于更大规模的池火灾需进一步论证。通过事故现场大数据对模拟模型进行修正,从而提高模拟精度,为爆炸燃烧特性的研究和企业预测危害范围提供理论支持。

Great damage in environment can be caused by pipeline leakage, the explosive oil pool and cloud of steam explosive will cause serious casualties and economic losses, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the danger of oil pipeline leakage, but the petroleum pollutants migration laws are restricted by specific environmental conditions, therefore, the relationship between pollutant migration migration laws and the factors affecting its diffusion effect has became the most important research direction. Explosion of oil vapor cloud is heavy gas diffusion, The diffusion range is concentrated in the near ground and is greatly affected by environmental factors. The simulation study confirmed that the TNO multi-energy method is more suitable for the outdoor explosion evaluation of open fire than the TNT equivalent method, and the steam cloud of different components has different hazard ranges. The simulation of the pool fire caused by the explosion is mainly to study the influence of various factors on the combustion characteristics and the extent of damage;and whether the conclusions from the small-scale oil pool test can be used for larger -scale pool fires needs further demonstration. The simulation model is corrected by the on -site big data of accident, and the simulation accuracy is improved, in order to provide theoretical support for the study of the explosive combustion characteristics and the enterprise prediction of the hazard range.