高产春大豆干物质积累与花荚形成的关系研究

Study on the Relationship Between Dry Matter Accumulation and Pod Formation in High-yielding Spring Soybean

为探明高产春大豆花荚期干物质积累与花荚形成的关系,田间随机区组排列法研究10个高产大豆品种(系)的花期、花荚期干物质增量分别与开花数、成荚数、产量的关系。结果表明,产量在4 527.4～5 734.2 kg·hm^(-2)的范围内,花期干物质增量与产量相关不显著,花荚期干物质增量与产量呈极显著正相关,总花数、总荚数均与产量呈显著正相关;花期干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,Y_1=-0.050 3X■+42.285X_1-5 312.2,R^2=0.673 9~*;花荚期的干物质增量与成荚数呈线性关系,Y_2=0.090 4X_5+419.47,R^2=0.719 4^(**);开花期叶片干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,花荚期茎秆、叶片、叶柄干物质增量与成荚数均呈二次曲线关系。花期和花荚期过少或过多茎叶干物质积累量均不利于花、荚形成。花期茎叶稳健生长,荚期荚快速生长有利于增加开花数、成荚数。在花期、花荚期地上部干物质增量分别为4 373,7 801 kg·hm^(-2)、荚干重占33.8%,总花数为3 773.3×10~4朵·hm^(-2)、总荚数为1 127.3×10~4个·hm^(-2),产量可达5 734.2 kg·hm^(-2),其干物质成花效率、成荚效率依次为8.63朵·g^(-1)、1.45个·g^(-1)。

To explore the relationship between dry matter accumulation and pod formation in high-yielding spring soybean at flowering and pod stages. The relationships between the dry matter increment and flowering period of 10 high-yielding soybean varieties(lines) and the number of flowering, pod and yield in the field were studied. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between dry matter increment and yield at flowering stage in the range of 4 527.4~5 734.2 kg·ha^-1. There was a significant positive correlation between dry matter increment and yield at pod stage, and there was a significant positive correlation between total number of flowers and pods and yield, too. There was a quadratic curve relationship between dry matter increment and number of flowers at flowering stage as Y1=-0.050 3X1^2+42.285X1-5 312.2, R^2=0.673 9*, and a linear relationship between dry matter increment and number of pods at flowering and pod stage as Y2=0.090 4X5+419.47, R2=0.719 4**. The dry matter increment of leaves was quadratic with the number of flowers at flowering stage. The dry matter increment of stems, leaves and petioles were quadratic with the number of pods at flowering pod stage. Too little or too much dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves was not conducive to the formation of flowers and pods at flowering and pod stages. Stems and leaves grow steadily at flowering stage, and pods grow rapidly at pod stage, which was beneficial to increase the number of flowers and pods. The above-ground dry matter increment was 4 373 and 7 801 kg·ha^-1 respectively, and dry pod weight accounted for 33.8% at flowering and pod stages respectively. The total number of flowers was 3 773.3×10^4, and the total number of pods was 1 127.3×10^4 pieces·ha^-1,the yield was 5 734.2 kg·ha^-1. The efficiency of dry matter flowering formation and dry matter pod formation was 8.63 and 1.45 g^-1, respectively.