结核病患者受歧视及产生病耻感的现状及研究进展

Study progress of discrimination in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis

结核病是严重危害人类健康的慢性传染性疾病,病耻感在结核病患者中广泛存在,导致治疗延误,对个人和社会都造成严重后果。结核病患者遭受的歧视主要有家庭歧视、社会歧视、医疗机构歧视,以此产生的病耻感使患者进一步承受了心理上的痛苦,从而采取消极态度应对治疗和生活,造成不良的预后。结核病患者的病耻感在不同人口学特征的人群中程度不一。目前,中国乃至全球范围内缺乏有代表性的与结核病患者受歧视相关的调查报告,作者从结核病患者受歧视的现状、影响因素、产生原因及消除方法等多个方面梳理了目前国内外的相关研究工作,希望为改良对结核病患者的治疗和管理策略提供更多依据。

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. Stigma, a perceived negative attitude of stigmatized groups, is widespread in TB patients, which may lead to the delays in effective treatment and serious consequences for both the individual and the society. The stigma suffered by TB patients mainly includes family discrimination, social discrimination and discrimination in medical institutions, and results in further aggravated psychological pain in the TB patients. Then they would adopt a negative attitude to cope with treatment and life, which might result in a poor prognosis. The degree of stigma varied among patients with different demographic characteristics. Currently, there is a lack of representative investigation reports related to the stigma of TB patients in China and around the world. From the aspects of status quo, influencing factors, causes and elimination methods of TB patients’ discrimination, we have systematically reviewed related research work at home and abroad, and hope to provide more evidence for the improving the treatment and management stra-tegies for TB patients.