“批判经济学”与“实践哲学”——政治经济学批判视域中的葛兰西

Critical Economics and Philosophy of Praxis——Reconsiderations on Gramsci with Critique of Political Economy

作为"西方马克思主义"早期代表,葛兰西与政治经济学批判之间的关系问题在后世的研究中存在争议。佩里·安德森和恩斯特·拉克劳提出了截然不同的观点。为解决该问题,我们尝试梳理《狱中札记》的不同版本。以《狱中札记(续编)》为基础,可以发现:葛兰西留下了大量有关"批判经济学"的讨论。这些讨论直面工团主义、福特主义问题,并受到了克罗齐、斯拉法等人的影响。其中,"经济人"批判、"决定市场"分析、"内在性"理论阐发、"趋势规律"探索,构成了葛兰西研究政治经济学和资本主义社会形态的问题焦点。在此基础上,葛兰西有关"实践哲学"的阐释,及其意识形态霸权和国家理论,可以得到更为全面的理解。

There are controversies around the revaluation of Gramsci-the key figure in early Western Marxism-with the critique of political economy, in which Perry Anderson and Ernesto Laclau proposed conflicting interpretations. With the studies of the Prison Notebooks, from Selections from the Prison Notebooks to Further selections from the Prison Notebooks in particular, we argue that, influenced by Croce and Sraffa, Gramsci paid attentions both to "critical economics" as well as to "philosophy of praxis", so as to analyse Syndicalism and Fordism. In his studies, critique of economic man, analysis of determinative market, interpretation of immanence, and approach of tendency law are key points in Gramsci’s understandings on political economy and capitalist social formation. We expect a further elucidation on Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis, ideology hegemony and state theory with this article.