互动与聚合:当代中国基层民主发展的动力与边界

Interaction and Integration: Dynamics and Boundaries of China's Development of Democracy at the Grassroots Level

改革开放40年来,中国出现了形形色色的基层民主实践。中央、地方、社会构成当代中国基层民主发展的三股基本能动力量。三者在民主发展问题上的最大关切分别是合法性、绩效和利益。在民主发展过程中,三方出于各自的最大关切而展开互动,三方的互动过程形塑了一个个民主实践发展历程的基本样式;合法性、绩效和利益的分离与聚合状态则决定了某一具体民主实践的结果。能动者之间的互动,不是任意而为的,而是在"权力结构"和"文本结构"基础上进行的。结构特别是文本结构,既是能动者的行动依据,也构成能动者的约束和行为边界。在具体的民主实践中,如果合法性、绩效和利益高度聚合,则该民主实践倾向于制度化,反之则倾向于中断或悬浮。

The central government, local governments and social forces constitute the three basic forces which promoting the development of democracy at the grassroots level in contemporary China. The greatest concerns of those three major agents are namely legitimacy, performance and interest. In the course of democratic development, the three agents interact with each other for their greatest concern. The interactions between the agents shaped the basic form of democratic development process and the state of the separation and integration of the legitimacy, the performance and the interests determines the outcome of a particular democratic practice. The interactions between the three agents are not arbitrary, but on the basis of the "power structure" and "context structure". Structure, especially the text structure is the basis of the activists, and the constraints of the actors and behavior boundaries. If the legitimacy, performance and interests are highly integrated, the democratic practice is likely to be institutionalized. If the legitimacy,performance and interests are highly separated, the democratic practice will be interrupted.