HIV感染者/艾滋病患者自杀现状和风险因素的研究进展

Suicidal status and its risk factors of people living with HIV/AIDs

虽然抗反转录病毒治疗方案的出现延长了HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWH)的寿命,但是该人群的自杀风险仍然显著高于普通人群。部分PLWH存在自杀意念,有自杀尝试,或有自杀计划。该人群自杀风险居高不下的人口学因素主要是性别、性取向、年龄和宗教种族等;社会心理因素主要是压力源(压力创伤性事件、社会人际关系问题和精神疾病)、污名化及隐瞒病史等。PLWH社会人际关系问题包括歧视、社会孤立感和社会支持的缺乏等,精神疾病包括抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍和物质使用障碍等。政府及相关组织可以通过研究和改善这些社会心理因素来降低PLWH的自杀风险。

Although antiretroviral therapy appears to prolong the lifespan of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), but the suicidal risk of these people is still significantly higher than the general population. Some PLWH had suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicidal plan. The reasons for the high risk among these people mainly include as follows.① The demographic factors include gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, race, etc.② The social psychological factors are stressors (stressful or traumatic life events, social or interpersonal problems and mental illness), stigma, hiding HIV history, etc. Social or interpersonal problems include discrimination, social isolation, lack of social support, etc. Mental diseases include depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, etc. In order to reduce the suicidal risk of PLWH, the government and related organizations can research and improve these social psychological factors.