膜龈手术中自体软组织替代物的研究进展

Research progress on substitutes for autogenous soft tissue grafts in mucogingival surgery

膜龈手术是多种矫正牙周软组织形态及结构异常的手术总称。传统膜龈手术中常使用带蒂或游离自体软组织移植治疗牙龈退缩和角化龈不足,但由于自体软组织移植瓣存在需要开辟第二术区、供区组织量有限和术后不适明显等不足,自体软组织替代材料的研究越来越受到关注。目前多种自体软组织替代材料已研发并应用于膜龈手术中,包括脱细胞真皮基质、异种胶原基质等。本文就现有几种软组织替代材料的特点和临床效果的研究进展做一综述,为临床膜龈手术中自体软组织替代物的应用提供参考。

Mucogingival surgery is a general term for periodontal surgeries that correct aberrant periodontal soft tissues. Conventional mucogingival surgeries with pedicle flap or autologous soft tissue graft for treatment of gingival recession and insufficient keratinized tissues are always related to disadvantages such as need for a second surgery site, limited supplies, and complaints for postoperative discomfort. In this regard, research and application of soft tissue substitutes have gained increasing attention. Various kinds of soft tissue substitutes, including acellular dermal matrix and xenogeneic collagen matrix, have been developed and applied to clinical treatment. This review aims to summarize advances in research of the characteristics and clinical effectiveness of several soft tissue substitutes and provide references for clinical application.