对中国页岩气压裂工程技术发展和工程管理的思考与建议

Reflections and suggestions on the development and engineering management of shale gas fracturing technology in China

中国页岩气的资源禀赋与北美地区存在着较大的差异,由此决定了不能生搬硬套后者页岩气革命的经验和做法。为了实现中国页岩气资源的规模有效开发,在借鉴北美页岩气开发先进理念的基础上,结合自身页岩气资源的实际情况,对我国页岩气增产改造技术现状进行了梳理与总结,进而对页岩气压裂关键技术发展方向与加强工程管理提出了建议:①融合了地质、工程及生产信息的数据体是页岩气勘探开发与生产各环节设计与优化的基础,应打破"数据孤岛",深入数据挖潜,实现数据的高效应用,促进地质工程一体化数据融合;②应在考虑页岩岩石力学各向异性特征与地应力特征的基础上,发展并完善适用于页岩的地质力学测试评价方法和技术,提升地质工程一体化方案设计水平;③需要研发全可溶桥塞,提高分段压裂作业效率,降低施工风险,助力页岩气开发降本增效;④工程管理方面尚有很大的提升空间,值得探索和研究,油气行业和油气公司应抓住这一重要的战略机遇期,积极优化现有的工程管理模式,寻找提质增效的最佳途径。结论认为,我国页岩气资源的勘探开发目前还处于起步阶段,技术与装备、生产管理、勘探开发效果、政策法规等与国外存在着显著的差距,亟需结合自身资源条件,对美国页岩气革命水力压裂经验与管理理念进行借鉴、消化、吸收与再创新,进而探索出一条符合中国实际的页岩气开发可行之路。

Shale gas resource in China is greatly different from that in the North America in term of natural endowment, so North America’s experience and practice of shale gas revolution shall not be copied blindly in China. In order to realize scale effective development of shale gas resource in China, we analyzed and summarized the status quo of domestic shale gas stimulation technologies referring to the advanced concepts of shale gas development in the North America, considering the actual situations of shale gas resource in China.Then, some suggestions were proposed on the development direction of key shale gas fracturing technologies and the enhancement of engineering management. First, a data volume that integrates geological, engineering and production information is the base for designing and optimizing all segments of shale gas exploration, development and production. Therefore, it is necessary to break the "data isolated island", strengthen data mining and improve the data application efficiency, so as to promote the integration of geo-engineering data fusion. Second, the geomechanics test & evaluation method and technology suitable for shale reservoirs shall be developed and improved by taking into consideration the anisotropic mechanical behaviors and ground stress characteristics of shale reservoirs, so as to increase the design level of geo-engineering integration program. Third, it is necessary to develop the dissolvable bridge plug, improve operation the efficiency of staged fracturing and reduce the operation risk, so as to achieve cost reduction and benefit increase of shale gas development. Fourth, there is still great room for the improvement of the engineering management system, which is worth exploring and studying further. Therefore, oil & gas industry and companies shall seize this critical strategic opportunity to actively optimize the current engineering management pattern and seek the optimal approach to quality improving and benefit increasing. In conclusion, the exploration and development of shale gas in China is currently in the early stage and there is an obvious gap compared with foreign countries in terms of technology & equipment, production management, exploration and development achievement and policy & regulation. Therefore, it is in an urgent need to innovatively explore a way feasible for the actual shale gas development in China based on the resource conditions of its own after referring, digesting and absorbing the hydraulic fracturing experience and management concept of shale gas revolution in the United States.