基于“一个方剂是一个邦国”的方剂君臣佐使隐喻分析

The metaphor analysis of “monarch,minister,assistant and envoy” in TCM formula based on the concept of “a prescription being a state”

目的探讨中医君臣佐使理论隐喻的实质。方法应用隐喻认知的方法,分析君臣佐使理论形成的认知过程及中医对其的认识和应用。结果从职官制度讲,君臣佐使为"君—臣—佐"的三级上下结构,职官制度始源于空间隐喻,因而方剂君臣佐使的核心是君臣关系;方剂君臣佐使的概念内涵中存在着不同层次的空间梯度隐喻,一是药物对主证作用的三级梯度隐喻,二是病症重要性的三级梯度隐喻。医者在对方剂君臣佐使的使用上离不开对病症重要性的分析,用药梯度源于对症状梯度的认知。结论君臣佐使隐喻的实质是人类概念类属思维基于空间隐喻从社会制度领域向方剂领域的映射。隐喻的背后是通道为一,混沌有序。正因如此,基于隐喻构建的中医理论体系才能指导临床"以通为和""以平为期"。

Objective To explore the metaphorical nature of the "monarch,minister,assistant and envoy" theory in TCM formula.Methods In this paper,we use the method of metaphorical cognition to explore the cognitive process and application of the theory of "monarch,minister,assistant and envoy" in TCM Formula.Results It is found that from the perspective of official system,"monarch-minister-assistant-envoy" composition is a three-level structure characterized "monarch-minister-assistant".The core of the "monarch-minister-assistant-envoy" formula is the relationship between monarch and minister.There are different levels of spatial metaphor in the concept of "monarch,minister,assistant and envoy".Firstly,the effect of medicinals on the main pattern is a three-level gradient spatial metaphor;Secondly,the importance of disease and manifestations is another three-level gradient spatial metaphor.There is no way to apply the "monarch,minister,assistant and envoy" theory without analyzing the importance of the disease and its manifestations.Medicinal gradient is based on the recognition of symptom gradient.Conclusion It is concluded that the essence of "monarch,minister,assistant and envoy" metaphor is the mapping of human conceptual thinking from the field of social system to the field of formula based on spatial metaphor.The essence of metaphor is pathway-sharing and chaos-sorting.Therefore,the theoretical system of TCM based on metaphor can guide the clinical practice of "taking unblockage as harmony" and "taking balance as the goal".