外泌体中的microRNAs在神经胶质瘤中的研究进展

Recent advances in the study of microRNAs of exosomes in glioma

外泌体(exosomes)是一种体内多种细胞可以分泌的细胞外囊泡,由膜蛋白组成的脂质双分子层包绕蛋白质和核酸形成,其直径大小为30～100 nm不等.其内含有microRNAs(miRNAs)和mRNAs等遗传物质,在细胞之间具有物质交换及信息传递等功能,在体内很多生理与病理过程中有着不可忽视的作用.近年来,外泌体中的miRNAs逐渐引起国内外学者的重视,研究发现它们可以参与肿瘤的发生、发展、肿瘤血管生成等相关作用.为了更好地了解外泌体中的miRNAs在神经胶质瘤中的作用,本文综述了外泌体中的miRNAs与胶质瘤的发生、发展、肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤代谢的关系,并探讨了其在胶质瘤诊断和治疗方面的研究进展.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by a variety of cells in the body. The lipid bilayer composed of membrane proteins is surrounded by proteins and nucleic acids, and has a diameter ranging from 30 to 100 nm. It contains genetic materials such as microRNAs(miRNAs) and mRNAs, and has functions such as material exchange and information transmission between cells, and it has a non-negligible effect on many physiological and pathological processes in the body. In recent years, miRNAs in exosomes have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. They have been found to be involved in tumorigenesis, development, tumor angiogenesis, etc. To better understand the role of miRNAs in exosomes in gliomas, this paper reviewed the relationship between miRNAs in exosomes and the development and progression of glioma, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor metabolism, and explored their research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.