含氟磷酸盐型离子液体对软质聚氨酯的协效阻燃研究

Study on Synergistic Flame Retardancy of Fluorinated Phosphate Ionic Liquid for Flexible Polyurethane Foam

制备了复合阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF),研究了三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)、可膨胀型石墨(EG)和离子液体(IL)对FPUF泡沫的阻燃影响。利用氧指数(LOI)确定3种复合阻燃剂的最佳配比,通过热重(TG)和锥形量热(CCT)分析了阻燃剂对FPUF的阻燃和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当MPP、EG、IL的质量比为7.5∶7.5∶2时,制备的阻燃FPUF的LOI达到最高27.5%;TG显示了FPUF/MPP/EG/IL的残炭量高于纯FPUF和FPUF/MPP/EG;CCT表明了热释放速率峰值和总热逐渐降低,烟释放量及CO生成率减少;因离子液的添加使炭层更加致密,3种阻燃剂协效阻燃,改善了阻燃效果,降低了火灾危险性。

Flame-retardant flexible polyurethane composite foams(FPUF) were prepared, and the flame-retarding effects of melamine polyphosphate(MPP), expandable graphite(EG) and ionic liquid(IL) on FPUF were investigated. Moreover,the optimal mass ratio of three flameretardants was determined by oxygen index(LOI), and the effects of flame retardants on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of FPUF were analyzed by thermogravimetry and cone calorimetry(CCT). The results indicated that when the mass ratio of MPP∶EG∶IL was set as 7.5∶7.5∶2. In this case, the LOI of FPUF reached a maximum value of 27.5 vol %.Thermal analysis showed that the char yield of FPUF with MPP/EG/IL was higher than those of pure FPUF and FPUF with MPP/EG. The CCT results demonstrated that there was a decrease in peak heat release rate, total heat, the amount of smoke released and theproduction rate of CO for FPUF. The carbon layer was found to become denserin the presence of ionic liquid. The combination of three flame retardants generated a synergistic effect to improve the flame retarding effect and therefore reduced the fire risk.