民初涉藏民间组织——藏事促进会考论

On Tibet-related Non-governmental Organizations in the Early Republican Period of China——A case study of the Tibetan Affair Association

民国初肇,国家成立蒙藏事务局管理西藏事务,同时批准成立蒙藏统一政治改良会、西藏旅京同乡会等民间组织,协助政府工作,派员进藏沟通各方关系,但在英国的干涉下,到1924年,西藏分裂势力仍然企图分裂国家,西藏地方与中央政府的关系还未进入正常轨道。面对复杂的形势,熟悉藏务的在京青海和藏籍议员、川边代表、旅京川绅、班禅翻译官、蒙藏委员会秘书、佛教藏文学院教授发起成立藏事促进会。该会不同于蒙藏统一政治改良会、西藏旅京同乡会是由地位崇高的驻京蒙古王公和蒙藏高僧组成,而是整合熟悉藏务的普通议员、机构工作人员、旅京乡绅等,组成民间团体。该团体向政府提交呈文、请愿、条陈,联络西藏办事行署,积极参与社会团体活动。该会与蒙藏统一政治改良会、西藏旅京同乡会相较民间性较强,在涉藏民间组织中具有独特地位。

During the early republican period of China, the state established the Tibetan and Mongolian Affairs Bureau to manage the Tibetan affairs, and approved the establishment of some non-governmental organizations such as the Mongolian and Tibetan Political Reform Association, the Association of the Tibetan Travelers in Beijing, and send officers to Tibet to coordinate the relations between the parties. However, in 1924, because of British interference and the relationship between local and central government being not on the normal track yet, the separatist forces in Tibet attempted to break up the country. In such complicated situation, in Beijing the officers, who were familiar with the Tibetan affairs and originally from Qinghai and Tibet, and the representatives from Sichuan’s border area, the travelers from Sichuan, Panchen Lama’s translation officers, the secretaries of the Mongolian and Tibetan Commission, and the professors of the Buddhist Tibetan Academy initiated the establishment of the Tibetan Affair Association, which was different from the organizations with members of the high-status Mongolian nobles and high-ranking Mongolian and Tibetan lamas, it was members of ordinary peoples who were familiar with the Tibetan affairs. The association submitted reports to the government, actively contacted the agencies of Tibet and participated in the activities of social groups. The association had more obvious features of non-governmental organization, and a unique position among the Tibet-related non-governmental organizations.