汉语儿童日常会话中“沉默”的语用特征研究

An Empirical Study on Pragmatic Features of Chinese Children's Silence in Daily Conversations

为了探索汉语儿童话语特征,确定了研究对象,对其日常会话进行了18个月的跟踪观察、语料收集、转写分析,发现被试者儿童会话中的"沉默"呈显性特征。在话语分析理论基础上,定量和定性分析相结合,对被试者儿童使用的沉默进行实证研究,结果发现,儿童意义沉默有三种类型:情感型、判断型、技巧型,其频率分布不均,纵向变化显著。结合语料,利用社会认知理论详细分析其成因,提出,为了儿童的语言和社会心理健康发展,家长应让孩子多接触不同年龄段的人群。

To explore the characteristics of Chinese children’s discourse,the subjects were determined and the conversations were tracked and observed for 18 months.The corpus was collected and transcribed for analysis,and it was found that explicit characteristics of children’s silence were revealed in their daily conversation.On the theoretical basis of discourse analysis,both quantitative and qualitative analyses were made with children’s use of"silence"in daily conversation.Results indicated that children’s silences were divided into three types:emotion,judge and communicating-skill,whose frequency distribution were uneven,and which changed significantly in terms of longitude.Then with the same corpus,the results were analyzed in detail from the perspective of social cognition.It was proposed that for the sake of children’s language and psychosocial development,parents should expose them to people of different ages.