HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制特点分析

Characteristics of psychological defense mechanism in people living with HIV/AIDS

目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制的特点。方法选择221名HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,收集其一般资料,采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)测量其心理防御机制特点,并分析性别、婚姻状况、文化程度与其心理防御机制的关系。结果 HIV/AIDS患者成熟型防御机制的DSQ评分最高,其次是中间型防御机制,最低是不成熟型防御机制。成熟型防御机制中升华的DSQ评分最高,不成熟型防御机制中分裂的DSQ评分最高,中间型防御机制中期望的DSQ评分最高。婚姻状况、性别、文化程度对心理防御机制无主效应与交互作用(P> 0. 05)。女性退缩的DSQ评分高于男性,男性压抑和消耗倾向的DSQ评分均高于女性(均P <0. 05);已婚者消耗倾向的DSQ评分均高于未婚者、离异或丧偶者(均P <0. 05);不同文化程度HIV/AIDS患者各防御方式的DSQ评分差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者拥有较为成熟的心理防御机制,且更倾向于采用升华、分裂、期望等防御方式,性别、婚姻情况、文化程度对HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制影响较小。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism in people living with HIV/AIDS( PLWHA). Methods A total of 221 PLWHA were selected as subjects,their general data were collected to measure the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism using Defense Style Questionnaire( DSQ) as well as to analyze the association of gender,marital status,and educational level with psychological defense mechanism.Results Among PLWHA,DSQ scores for mature defense mechanism,intermediate defense mechanism,and immature defense mechanism decreased in turn. DSQ score reached the highest for sublimation in mature defense mechanism,for splitting in immature defense mechanism,and for expectation in intermediate defense mechanism. Marital status,gender,and educational level had no main effect or interaction on psychological defense mechanism( P > 0. 05). DSQ score for withdrawal in females was higher than that in males,and DSQ scores for depression and consumption preference in males were higher than those in females( all P < 0. 05);DSQ score for consumption preference of married people was higher than that of unmarried,divorced or widowed people( all P < 0. 05);there was no statistically significant difference in DSQ score for each defense style among PLWHA with different educational levels( P > 0. 05). Conclusion PLWHA has a relatively mature psychological defense mechanism,and is more inclined to adopt defense styles,such as sublimation,splitting and expectation. Gender,marital status,and educational level have minor impact on psychological defense mechanism in PLWHA.