“政策衔接”到“转换支持”——美国退役军人从军人到大学生转换问题评述

From Policy Articulation to Transitional Support:A Review of the Transition for Student Veterans in America

美国对退役军人接受高等教育援助政策的相关研究不仅重视制度框架的顶层设计,而且也关注退役军人从军人转换为大学生过程中的文化适应与学业表现。由于有悠久的军队与大学互动史,一方面,美国学术界就退役军人校园融入的主体概念、转换衔接以及学业发展进行了长期的理论研究;另一方面,政府、社会组织以及学校也根据自身特点,分别采取了支持退役军人身份过渡与学术融入的应对措施。美国的经验给我国的启示是:当前,在军民融合创新培养人才、退役军人事务安置机构及教育资助政策逐渐完善的新形势下,决策层更需要关注退役军人由军人到学生转换过程的有效支持,重视学业发展与心理调适以及毕业与就业状况等方面。

The aid policy aimed at helping student veterans in America to receive higher education pays high attention not only to the top-level design of relevant system but also to student veterans' acculturation and academic performance during their transition from military to university. On one hand, American academia has been conducting long-term theoretical researches on the subject concept of student veterans fitting in university and their transition and academic development, owing to the long -standing interaction between military and university;on the other hand, the government, social organizations, and universities have adopted corresponding measures to support veterans during their identity transition and academic integration according to their own characteristics. Under the new conditions that Chinese military is cooperating with civilians to cultivate talents creatively, and that veteran placement agency and educational funding policy are improving gradually, drawing on American experience, Chinese decision -makers should provide effective support for this particular group during their transition from veterans to students, and attach importance to their academic development, psychological adjustment as well as graduation and employment status.