农村宅基地制度改革:关键问题、产权保障与重点突破

Rural Homestead System Reform:Key Issues, Property Rights Protection and Key Breakthroughs

宅基地的公平取得、有偿利用、自愿退出和科学规划是土地供给侧改革赋予新时期我国农村宅基地制度优化的主要任务。推动农村宅基地布局结构调整和土地供给迈向中高端的关键是坚持和落实"一户一宅"制度。深化供给侧结构性改革背景下推动现行宅基地制度自我优化的关键是必须建立定额使用、超额认缴、依法取得、合法占用的宅基地利用制度,而核心是通过构建市场化的自愿退出机制与逐步扩大的宅基地"两权"来有效维护农民权益。当前农村宅基地制度改革需要重点突破的是小产权房乱象,破解遗留已久的小产权房问题,必需谨慎选择小产权房逐步实现合法化的推进策略,才能最终建立起宅基地存量与增量入市相统一的规划监管制度。

Under the background of land supply side reform, the fair acquisition, paid utilization, voluntary withdrawal and scientific planning of homestead are the main tasks of optimizing the rural homestead system in the new era. The key to promote the adjustment of rural homestead layout and land supply to the middle and high level is to adhere to and implement the "one family, one house" system. To promote the self-optimization of the existing homestead system In the context of deepening the structural reform of the supply side, it is necessary to establish a homestead utilization system based on the use of quotas, over-subscribe, legal acquisition and legitimate occupation. The core is to effectively protect the rights and interests of farmers by constructing a market-based voluntary withdrawal mechanism and gradually expanding the "two rights" of the homestead. The current rural homestead system reform needs to break through the chaos of houses with limited property rights. To solve this long-lasted problem, the government must adopt a strategy of progressively legalizing houses with limited property rights of carefully selected houses. Eventually, a designing and supervising system that ensures both the stocked and the incremental homesteads to enter the market will be established.