灵武长枣设施栽培不同模式下营养生长果实品质的调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of nutritional fruit quality of Lingwu jujube under different modes of facility cultivation

为探索设施栽培条件下,灵武长枣节本、优质、早上市的栽培模式与技术,对灵武市设施枣栽培基地开展的平床覆膜+小规格限根容器+主干延伸整形修剪、平床覆膜+大规格限根容器+主干延伸整形修剪等5种栽培模式进行调查,测定枣吊生长、坐果率、单株产量、果实品质等,分析比较不同栽培模式下灵武长枣的营养生长和果实品质及产量差异.结果表明:主干延伸整形修剪+覆膜限根栽培模式能够缓解树势,提高单株坐果率.主干延伸整形修剪+覆膜限根栽培模式能更有效地改善果实品质,可溶性糖含量、Vc含量和可溶性固形物显著高于常规栽培模式,有机酸含量显著低于常规栽培模式.综合来看,通过地膜覆盖、起垄限根、主干延伸等关键栽培技术的集成与优化,能达到增产增效的目标.

In order to explore the cultivation modes and techniques of low cost, high quality and early market of Lingwu jujube under the condition of facility cultivation, five cultivation modes of Lingwu jujube were investigated, including flat bed mulching, small size root-limiting container, trunk extension shaping and pruning, flat bed mulching, large size root-limiting container and trunk extension shaping and pruning. The nutrient growth, fruit setting rate, yield per plant and fruit quality of Lingwu jujube under different cultivation modes were determined and compared. The results showed that trunk extension pruning + plastic film mulching and root restriction could alleviate tree vigor and increase fruit setting rate per plant. The main trunk extension pruning + plastic mulching and root restriction cultivation mode can improve fruit quality more effectively. The soluble sugar content, VC content and soluble solids content are significantly higher than those of conventional cultivation mode, and the organic acid content is significantly lower than that of conventional cultivation mode. In a word, through the integration and optimization of key cultivation techniques such as plastic film mulching, ridging and rooting restriction, trunk extension and so on, the goal of increasing yield and efficiency can be achieved.