关于金纳米粒子在骨组织再生中作用的研究进展

Advances in research on the role of gold nanoparticles in bone tissue regeneration

临床上各种疾病可导致颌面部骨质缺损,这不仅会引起形态和功能上的缺陷,严重影响患者生活质量及心理健康,同时也会为后期缺失牙的种植修复带来困难。目前,将纳米材料技术与骨组织再生技术有机结合,为修复骨组织缺陷提供了新的治疗理念,也为口腔种植体材料的表面改性提供了全新思路,具有广泛的应用前景。其中,金纳米粒子(gold nanoparticles,GNPs)因其独特的理化性质,易被表面修饰的特性以及良好的生物相容性受到高度关注。因其优良的生物学性质,已被用于影像学,光子学,免疫学,肿瘤精准治疗等研究技术的研发。近期有研究证明,金纳米粒子可通过多种通路促进成骨细胞的扩增,分化和矿化,且该作用受金纳米粒子尺寸的影响。更值得深入探讨的是,金纳米粒子可作用于破骨细胞的分化成熟,且其具体机制仍需进一步明确。本文重点讨论金纳米颗粒在骨组织再生中促进骨组织形成,抑制骨组织吸收的作用及其中潜在机制,包括自噬通路,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)相关通路以及核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)通路。深入了解金纳米粒子对骨组织的生物学效应及其细胞毒性将为其安全和科学地应用提供理论基础。

Clinically, various diseases can lead to bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions. This not only causes defects in morphology and function, but also seriously affects the quality of life and mental health of patients, and it also brings difficulties for restoring missing teeth. Currently the combination of nanomaterial technology and bone tissue regeneration technology provides a new treatment concept for the repair of bone defects, and also provides a new idea for the surface modification of oral implant materials, which has broad application prospects. old nanoparticles are highly concerned due to their unique physical and chemical properties, easy surface modification and good biocompatibility. Because of its excellent biological properties, it has been used in the research and development of imaging technology, immunology, and precision treatment of tumors. Recent studies have shown that gold nanoparticles can promote the expansion, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts through a variety of pathways, which is affected by the size of gold nanoparticles. It is noteworthy that gold nanoparticles can act on the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, and the specific mechanism needs to be further clarified. This article focuses on the role of gold nanoparticles in the promotion of bone tissue regeneration, inhibition of bone tissue absorption and its potential mechanisms, including autophagy pathway, MAPK-related pathway and RANKL pathway. An in-depth understanding of the biological effects of gold nanoparticles on bone tissue and its cytotoxicity will provide a theoretical basis for its safe and scientific application.