論李勣與廢王立武

LiJi and Abolishment of Queen Wang and Setting up of Queen Wu

李勣,曾用名李世勣,是唐初傑出軍事將領。傳統史學對李勣的評價很低,有的甚至徑直以“姦臣”相稱。關鍵是在唐高宗“廢王立武”事件中,李勣采取了支持唐高宗的立場。陳寅恪先生不以道德觀念評價歷史人物,認爲李勣支持武則天當皇后是因爲他們同屬於一個地域政治集團,這一觀點影響巨大。有學者棄用地域集團概念,轉用階層概念,認爲李勣與武則天同屬於“庶族地主”階層。考察李勣與唐高宗的關係發現,唐高宗長期信任李勣,在高宗的故臣中,李勣、李義府、許敬宗都是廢王立武的支持者。以李勣爲代表的髙宗故臣在唐高宗與長孫無忌的政治鬥爭中的立場與作用,具有必然性。研究“廢王立武”事件,地域集團説和階層集團説,都有過度解釋之嫌。

Li Ji also named Li Shiji who was a great general in early Tang dynasty. Traditional history documents had a very poor opinion of Li Ji and regarded him as a traitor directly. The main reason of this is that Li Ji was a supporter of emperor GaoZong in the event of abolishment of Queen WANG and setting up of Queen WU. Chen Yinke illustrate that the encouragements for Wu Zetian from Li Ji should attribute to the geographical political power bloc where they both belonged. This opinion affected profoundly and suggested that morality should not be the only thing for judgments of historical figures. After Chen Yinke, some scholars transferred research emphasis to the conception of political group and political stratum and argued that both Liji and Wu Zetian were landocracy class. This essay demonstrated that GaoZong believed in UJi in a long-tenn in their relationship, in addition other supporters of Wu Zetian such as Li Yifu and Xu Jingzong were old ministers in GaoZong's reign. To conclude, it is of a great necessity that in the palace politics struggles, GaoZong's old ministers ( such as Li Ji) endorsed their emperor rather than ZhangSun Wuji. Review previous studies, both the geopolitical method and the class analysis did not immune from over-interpreting.