《共产党宣言》的早期汉语节译:基于翻译视角的考察

Early Chinese Excerpt Translation of The Communist Manifesto: A Study from the Perspective of Translation

在《共产党宣言》的中文全译本问世之前,《宣言》的部分内容已陆续被译成汉语并公开发表。汉语节译、摘译、转译的内容主要是《宣言》中关于阶级斗争的部分,尤以《宣言》第二章中的十项措施和《宣言》最后一段的译文最多。这些最早期的片段翻译在译文文体、译词使用、内容选择方面都具有特定的时代特征。以1919年为分界线,《共产党宣言》早期汉语节译的语体特征从文言文体为主逐渐向白话文体转变,翻译重心从阶级斗争理论转向了历史唯物主义理论。

Before the publication of the complete Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto, some parts of The Communist Manifesto have been translated into Chinese and published publicly. The main contents of Chinese excerpt translation, selective translation and paraphrasing translation are the parts of class struggle in The Communist Manifesto.The ten measures in chapter II and the final paragraph get the most translations. These earliest translations have specific features of the times in terms of the style of the translation, the use of the translated words and content selection. With the year 1919 as the line of demarcation, the stylistic feature of the early Chinese excerpt translation of The Communist Manifesto has gradually changed from the classical Chinese style to the vernacular style, and the focus of translating turns from the theory of class struggle to the theory of historical materialism.