2013-2017年梧州地区单采血小板捐献人群分析

Investigation and analysis of apheresis platelets donors in Wuzhou area from2013 to 2017

目的通过对梧州地区近5年来单采血小板捐献人群情况统计分析,探讨改进策略,降低复检淘汰人数以减少浪费,促进单采血小板捐献队伍建设工作的健康和可持续发展。方法对2013-2017年梧州地区单采血小板捐献人群情况进行统计,分析单采血小板捐献人群的献血人数、血型、性别、学历、年龄段、复检淘汰人数情况的分布情况,结果采用SPSS20.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果 2013-2017年梧州地区单采血小板捐献情况发展良好,共献血人数达5 726人,新增献血人数每年以平均50.9%的速度增长;2017年单采血小板捐献人数和血量明显高于2013年,人数增长61.5%,血量增长74.6%;2013-2015年血型分布O型>A型> B型>AB型,2016-2017年血型O型>B型>A型>AB型;男性多于女性,男女性别比为4.2∶1.0;文化程度比例出现了明显的变化,2013-2016年以大专及以上学历为主,平均占47.9%,2017年以初中学历为主,占46.1%;年龄段主要集中在25～44岁,占66.0%,其中以35～44岁最多,占34.5%,25～34岁、45～54岁分别占31.5%、20.2%;根据单采血小板复检淘汰人数情况,复检淘汰比例从2013-2016年呈上升趋势,2017年首次出现下降,筛查项目不合格率由高至低依次为ALT>HBsAg>抗-Tp>抗-HCV>抗-HIV。总的平均不合格率为2.15%。结论尽管成分献血者的队伍建设卓有成效,但仍有较大的提升和发展空间,应有针对性地对目标人群做好招募、保留和维护工作,发展一支低危、充足、固定、自愿无偿的单采血小板献血者队伍。

Objective By analyzing the situation of apheresis platelets donors in Wuzhou from 2013 to 2017,we discuss the improvement strategy in order to reduce the waste that because of unqualified test and provide a scientific basis for the construction of the apheresis donors team.Methods Analyze the situation of apheresis platelets donors from 2013 to 2017 in Wuzhou and the distribution of the newly increased number of donation,blood type,sex,educational background,age and the number of elimination.The results were collected and analyzed by SPSS20.0 statistical software and Microsoft Excel.Results The average numbers of apheresis platelets donors increased by 50.9% yearly in the 5 years from 2013 to 2017.The number of apheresis platelets donors and the amount of blood donated by the apheresis platelets donors increased significant;the number increased by 61.5% and the amount increased by 74.6% compared with 2013.The blood group distribution was O type>A type >B type >AB type from 2013 to 2015 and O type>B type >A type >AB type in 2016 to 2017.The number of men are more than women,the average sex ratio was 4.2∶1.0.The educational distribution changed significantly.The most education was college or above,accounting for 47.9% from 2013 to 2016,but the most education was junior middle school accounting for 46.1% in 2017.The age was mainly concentrated in the 25 to 44 yesrs old group,accounting for 66.0%.The most in the 35 to 44 years old group accounting for 34.5%;the 25 to 34 years old accounting for 31.5%;the 45 to 54 years old accounting for 20.2 %.According the distribution of the scrap reason,the rate of the elimination increased from 2013 to 2016,and declined for the first time in 2017.The programs of the unqualified rate from high to low in turn for ALT>HBsAg>anti-Tp>anti-HCV>anti-HIV.The overall average unqualified rate is 2.15%.Conclusion Although the construction of apheresis platelets donors has achieved remarkable results,but there are still great room for improvement and development.We should do a good job in recruiting,retaining and maintaining the target population and develop the team of apheresis donors that low-risk,sufficient,fixed and voluntary.