中国改革开放实践对主流经济理论的挑战与贡献

The Challenge and Contribution of the Practice of China's Reform and Opening-Up to the Mainstream Economic Theory

讨论和概括中国改革开放实践对主流经济理论的挑战和贡献,就必须选择"不唯理论""不唯经典""理论联系实际"和"实践是检验真理的唯一标准"等四个正确的方法论视角;只有如此,才会发现改革开放实践中隐含着五个与经典经济理论的异同之处。从政府在经济发展进程中的作用、财政分权与官员晋升锦标赛相结合的政府组织方式、垂直的中央集权与水平的财政联邦的国家治理方式、渐进的经济和市场化改革道路、开放倒逼改革的发展动力逻辑、经济活动在区域和空间上的渐次展开等六个方面总结了改革开放实践对主流经济理论的挑战与理论贡献。需客观认识改革开放实践所产生的理论贡献在经济思想史或经济学说史上的地位。

To discuss and summarize the challenge and contribution of the practice of China's reform and opening-up to the mainstream economic theory, it is necessary to choose the four correct methodologies as the perspective, i.e.,"not just following the theory”,"not just following the classics”, ulinking theory with practice”,and upractice being the sole criterion for testing truthn;only in this way, can we find the differences and similarities between the five classical economic theories implied in the practice of reform and opening-up. This paper summarizes the challenge and theoretie contributions of China's reform and opening-up to the mainstream economic theory from the following six aspects: the role of government in the process of economic development, the organization mode of government combining fiscal decentralization and the mechanism of promotion through tournament, the state governance mode of vertical central authority with horizontal fiscal federation, the gradual economic and market-oriented reform path, the motive logic of development of forced reform by opening-up, and the gradually extended economic activities in the regions and space. It is necessary to recognize objectively the theoretic contributions made by the practice of reform and opening-up and the position in the history of economic thoughts or in the history of economic theories.