八段锦名实源流探究

A probe into the origin and development of Ba Duan Jin’s name and its connotation

现存最早对八段锦的文字记载见于宋朝的《夷坚志》,其中的八段锦指的是坐式八段锦。明清的大量养生书中所提及的八段锦均指坐式八段锦。立式八段锦本来不叫八段锦,其最早定型版本是宋代《道枢》中的一个没有名字的养生功法,在流传过程中,曾被称为"引导诀""吕真人安乐歌"和"许真君引道诀"。直到光绪初年,《易筋经外经图说》才首次将立式八段锦称为八段锦,自此八段锦一词的含义即由坐式八段锦变为了立式八段锦。

The earliest record of Ba Duan Jin is Yi Jian Zhi(夷坚志,Records of Yi Jian)of the Song Dynasty,among which Ba Duan Jin refers to sitting Ba Duan Jin.Many Ba Duan Jin in books from Ming and Qing Dynasty,which are about nurturing vitality and preserving health,refer to the sitting Ba Duan Jin.Standing Ba Duan Jin was not called Ba Duan Jin at first.It was basically established in Dao Shu of the Song Dynasty,which has no specific name.At the procedure of spread,it was called“Yin Dao Jue”or“Lyu Zhen Ren An Le Ge”or“Xu Zhen Jun Yin Dao Jue”.Until the early years of Guangxu,when the Yijinjing Wai Jing Tu Shuo first call the standing Ba Duan Jin as Ba Duan Jin,the word Ba Duan Jin were mainly referred to standing Ba Duan Jin instead of sitting Ba Duan Jin.