考虑实时动态能耗的电动汽车充电路径规划

Charging Route Planning for Electric Vehicles Considering Real-time Dynamic Energy Consumption

由于电动汽车在行驶途中电量耗尽的风险较大,亟须研究一种有利于减轻用户出行焦虑的电动汽车充电路径规划方法。文中通过选取能够准确反映实际道路中用户驾驶特性的行驶工况特征参数,分析各特征参数与耗电量之间的相关性以及特征之间的相关性强弱,采用主成分分析对特征进行降维,基于信息熵模糊聚类方法对行驶工况进行分类,构建电动汽车行驶途中的动态能耗模型。并基于此考虑路径选择及电池剩余电量约束,建立以出行总距离、总时间及充电价格三者权值之和最小为目标的电动汽车充电路径规划模型。以某市实际交通路网规划18 km×18 km区域,分析采用实时能耗对充电路径规划的影响以及不同优化目标对用户充电路径优化结果的影响,验证了所提规划方法的可行性及有效性。

Due to the high risk of energy shortage of electric vehicles(EVs) on the roads, it is urgent to propose a charging route planning method for EVs which is conducive to alleviating EV users’ travel anxiety. By selecting the driving condition characteristic parameters which can accurately reflect the driving characteristics of EV users on the actual roads, this paper analyzes the correlation between the characteristic parameters and the energy consumption as well as the strength of correlation between characteristics. The principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of characteristics, and then the information entropy fuzzy clustering method is used to classify the driving conditions. Thus, the dynamic energy consumption model for EV driving is established. Based on the energy consumption model and the constraint of route selection and battery residual capacity, the charging route planning model for EV is developed with the objective of minimizing the sum of weighted EV users’ travel distance, travel time and charging price. Finally, taking the actual traffic network area(18 km×18 km) as an example to verify the performance of the proposed method. The effect of the real-time energy consumption on the charging route planning is analyzed, and the effect of different optimization objectives on the charging route optimization results is also verified.