关于上古汉语-r韵尾构拟的汉语文献证据的再检讨

A re-examination of the reconstruction of ~*-r ending in Old Chinese with textual evidence

Baxter和Sagart(2014)接受了斯塔罗斯金(1989)中~*-r韵尾的构拟,形成了上古韵部的锐音韵尾的四分格局:~*-j,~*-t,~*-n,~*-r。近来Hill(2014)、List(2016)从不同的论证角度证明这一构拟的合理性,然而这两篇论文所采信的汉语证据主要依赖于白一平、沙加尔构拟的上古音。我们认为,有必要从上古汉语的实证材料出发,依照白一平、沙加尔构拟的逻辑,对他们的构拟结果进行验证。这些实证材料主要包括:后汉梵汉对音、汉代的诗文押韵及出土古文字材料。验证的结果显示,白一平、沙加尔的构拟在上古晚期的材料当中并没有得到正面支持。

Based on Starostin(1989)s reconstruction of a*-r ending,Baxter&Sagart(2014)created a new phonological system of four acute consonantal endings:*-j,*-t,*-n,and*-r.This new system was supported by Hill(2014)and List(2016)from various perspectives,but their evidence is dependent upon the Old Chinese phonology reconstructed by Baxter&Sagart(2014)without proper testing on its reasonability.This paper suggests that it is necessary to verify the linguistic data in Baxter&Sagart(2014)s study by Indic-Chinese transcriptions,rhyming examples from the Han period and paleographic data from excavated texts,and shows that the reconstruction of a*-r ending does not receive positive support from these materials.