海南岛西北部海岸线时空变化分析

Temporal and spatial variation analysis of the coastline of northwestern Hainan Island

基于遥感与GIS技术,利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星SPOT-5和GF-2影像数据,对海南岛西北部地区海口市南渡江—东方市2005年和2016年2个时期的海岸线进行人机交互解译,并对其10 a来的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:10 a间,海南岛西北部海岸线时空变化显著,主要影响因素为人工开发建设;人工海岸线增幅达到113%,其占比由2005年的24.3%上升至2016年的51.6%;除部分淤泥质海岸线和砂质海岸线转化为人工海岸线外,自然海岸线以侵蚀为主,局部地区有少量淤积。不同地区海岸线变化特点不同:儋州市和澄迈县海岸线资源丰富,开发力度较大;临高县和昌江黎族自治县自然海岸线以侵蚀为主,淤积少;东方市和澄迈县海岸线侵蚀较少,较易淤积。分析结果可为海南岛西北部海岸线调查、开发和保护提供一定的科学依据。

Based on remote sensing technology and GIS, using high spatial resolution remote satellite SPOT-5 and GF-2 image data, the authors analyzed the northwestern coastlines of Nandu River in Haikou City-Dongfang City of Hainan Island at two different periods in 2005 and 2016 with human-machine interactive method, and temporal and spatial variation characters in the past 10 years. The results show that temporal and spatial variation of the coastline is significant in northwestern Hainan Island, and the major factor contributing to the variation is the artificial development and construction. The artificial coastline growth rate reached 113%, and its ratio was increasing from 24.3% in 2005 to 51.6% in 2016. The parts of sludge shoreline and sand coastline were conversed to artificial coastline, and the natural coastline mainly suffered from erosion, with only a small amount of coastline being silted. Different coastlines have different variations. Danzhou City and Chengmai County are rich in coastline resources, with large development degree. Lingao County and Changjiang Li Autonomous County natural coastline is dominated by erosion, with less siltation. Dongfang City and Chengmai County have less coastline erosion and are more prone to siltation. The analysis results would provide some scientific reference for the investigation,development and protection of northwestern coastlines of Hainan Island.