日本近世初期神话解释中的朱子学思想——以山崎暗斋对“天神七代”神话的解释为例

The Study of New Confucianism in the Explanation of Mythology in Early Modern Period——Based on Yamazaki Ansai's Explanation of “God's Seven Generation” Mythology

相对于中世"神佛习合"思想影响下发展起来的佛教色彩浓厚的"中世神话",日本近世思想史上出现了以儒学(宋学)理论来解释《古事记》《日本书纪》等古典所记载的神代神话,并试图以此来发展和完善神道理论的神话解释新动向。近世初期的朱子学家兼神道家山崎暗斋(1618—1682)便是其中的代表性人物之一。他提出神儒"妙契"说,主张神道与儒教的关系为冥冥之中的契合。在继承中世神道的基础上,暗斋创立了理学神道性质的"垂加神道",以朱子学"理气""阴阳五行"等为理论对《日本书纪》神代卷中所记述的神代神话进行了重新解释,并以此作为其神道学说的理论依据。

Compared with the Buddhist“middle age mythology”which is developed under the influence of Shinbutstsyugo,the combination of Japanese traditional religion shindo and Buddhism,the new Confucian explanation of mythology recorded on Japanese classics such as The History of Japan and The Stories of Ancient Times came into being in modern times,and scholars tend to improve the mjlliology explanation in the perspective of shindo theory.Yamazaki Ansai,a new Confucianist and Shindoist in modem times,is one of the representatives.He put forward a combination theory of shindo and Confucianism:such theory believes that shindo and Confucianism are compatible.Based on his acceptance of middle age shindo,Anzai established a new school u suikashindo,9^hich.is featured by its Confucianism thoughts.According to the theory of“the arrangement of Qi”and“Yin-yang and Five-element thought”,he gave a new explanation to mythology in mythological age recorded in The History of Japan,and he employed these explanations to lay the foundation of his shindo theory.