“孝弟慈”——论泰州学派平民讲学的“实落处”

“Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty”——The“Foothold”of the Folk Lecture of Taizhou School

泰州学派的平民讲学活动以近溪的"孝弟慈"思想为"实落处"。王艮的身本孝道观为其"孝弟慈"思想奠定了理论基础,颜钧对"圣谕六条"的阐释为其"孝弟慈"思想奠定了实践基础。近溪在此基础上发展出泰州学派独树一帜的"孝弟慈"思想:在理论上,以本末观贯串"孝弟慈",既以"孝弟慈"修己立本,又以"孝弟慈"率人达末;在实践上,则以乡约为载体,着力阐发"圣谕六条"。近溪的"孝弟慈"思想,最大的实践意义在于,为泰州学派的平民讲学找到了落脚点;理论意义在于,一方面为儒家的内圣外王之道提供了一种新的诠释方式,另一方面也为"四民异业而同道"找到了更加坚实的理论依据。

The folk lectures of Taizhou School regards "filial piety and fraternal duty" as "foothold". Wang Gen's view of filial piety laid a theoretical foundation for it, and Yan Jun's interpretation of the "six oracles" laid a practical foundation for it. On this basis, Luo Jinxi developed the unique "filial piety and kindness" thought of Taizhou School. In theory, he pointed out the concept of "filial piety and fraternal duty", not only to achieve themselves, but also to achieve others. In practice, he taked the rural covenant as the carrier to elaborated and practiced the "Six Oracles". The biggest practical significance of the thought of "filial piety and fraternal duty" of Taizhou School lies in finding a "foothold" for the folk lecture of this school;the theoretical significance lies in that on the one hand, providing a new way of interpreting the Confucian doctrine of inner sanctity and external kingship, on the other hand, also establishing a more solid theoretical basis for the "four groups with different occupation but the same way".