我国教育收益率性别差异的长期变化研究

Research on Long-term Change of Gender Difference in Rates of Return to Education in China

文章采用经典和扩展Mincer模型计算了各年份我国男性和女性的毛教育收益率和净教育收益率,发现女性的教育收益率普遍高于男性。在性别差异的变化趋势上,2008年后女性净教育收益率高于男性的幅度有不断扩大的趋势,这与其他学者的研究结论不同。究其主要原因:一是女性在更高的教育水平上受到的就业歧视更小,因此我国教育扩张利于女性教育收益率提升;二是我国劳动力结构的改变使得低学历劳动力供不应求,而低学历劳动力中男性的收入得到更显著的提高,从而促使男性教育收益率下降。

This paper uses classical and extended Mincer model to calculate the gross and net educational return rate of Chinese men and women in different years. It is found that the rate of return on education for women is generally higher than that for men. In the trend of gender difference, after 2008, the net return on education of women is larger than that of men, which is different from other scholars’ research conclusion. The main reasons are as follows: first, women are less likely to be discriminated against in employment at higher levels of education, so the expansion of education in our country is conducive to the improvement of female education yield;secondly, the change of China’s labor force structure makes the supply of low-educated labor in short supply, and men in the less-educated labor force have seen a more significant increase in earnings, thus pushing down the return on male education.