山西境内一种野生双孢蘑菇菌株特异性鉴定

Specific Identification of a Wild Agaricus bisporus“Muye No.1”Strain in Shanxi Province

对山西境内发现的野生蘑菇"沐野1号"菌株进行传统形态学鉴定和ISSR分析。结果表明,菌盖直径为3.3 cm～3.7 cm,初期呈半球形,成熟后近平展,表面为污白色,具有褐色纤毛状鳞片。菌盖的菌肉呈白色,厚度为0.8 cm～1 cm。菌褶离生,较密,不等长,成熟或干后变为黑褐色。菌柄长4.5 cm～7.5 cm,粗0.6 cm～1.2cm,呈圆柱形,基部膨大,实心,表面平滑或有白色的短细小纤毛。孢子为椭圆形至卵圆形,(4.6～6.3)μm×(6.3～8.7)μm,属于担子双孢。根据形态特征初步鉴定,菌株沐野1号为双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)。经ISSR分析,待鉴定的菌株沐野1号和山西境内发现的菌株晋阳1号聚为一大类,与其他所有对照菌株的相似系数为0.54,推测待鉴定菌株沐野1号为不同的双孢蘑菇新品种。

The traditional morphological identification and ISSR analysis of wild mushroom "Muye No. 1 found in Shanxi province were carried out. The results showed that the cap with the diameter of 3.3 cm-3.7 cm, was hemispherical at the beginning and nearly flattened after maturation, and the surface of the cap was dirty white and had brown ciliated scales. The cap was white with the thickness of 0.8 cm-1 cm. The pleats are free, dense, unequal, and dark brown when mature or dried. The stipe is 4.5 cm-7.5 cm in long and 0.6 cm.1.2 cm in thick, cylindrical in shape, enlarged at the base, solid, with a smooth surface or short white cilia. The spores are oval to ovoid and belong to basidiospore in the size of (4.6~6.3)μm×(6.3-8.7)μm. According to the preliminary identification of morphological characteristics, Muye No. 1 strain is Agaricus bisporus. ISSR analysis showed that Muye No.l strain and Jinyang No. 1 strain, which were found in Shanxi province, were clustered into one group. The similarity coefficient was 0.54 with all other control strains. It was speculated that Muye No.l, which was to be identified, was a new strain of Agaricus bisporus.