族群艺术学语境下关于苗族文化的思考——麻江型铜鼓在苗族中部方言区的文化归属

Reflections on the Miao Nationality Culture in the Context of Ethnic Art:the Cultural Attribution of Majiang-type Bronze Drum in the Dialect Area of the Central Miao Nationality

"麻江型铜鼓"因出土于黔东南麻江县谷垌镇而得名。由于黔东南是苗族的集聚区,许多支系数百年来都有跳铜鼓的习俗,因而无论是"他人"还是苗族族群本身都逐渐认为"铜鼓"文化是中部方言区苗族的主体文化之一。本文从"麻江型铜鼓"出土实物地的原住民考证出发,加上历史文献的辅证,得出"麻江型铜鼓"是当时居住在这里的布依族遗物;又从中部方言区苗族的迁徙时间和地点入手,考证了"麻江型铜鼓"的实物不是苗族的遗物;再从中部方言区苗族"鼓"文化描述和习俗归纳的文化内核分析,求证了"铜鼓"文化在苗族中部方言区的文化归属就只是"娱乐"这一本质。

The "Majiang-type" bronze drum was named after the Guzhen Town of Majiang County in southeastern Guizhou. Since the southeastern part of the country is a gathering area of the Miao nationality, many of the supporting factors have the custom of jumping bronze drums for centuries. Therefore, both the "others" and the Miao ethnic group themselves gradually believe that the "Bronze Drum" culture is one of the main cultures of the Miao nationality in the central dialect area. This article starts from the study of the aborigines of the unearthed physical field of "Majiang-style bronze drum", and with the auxiliary evidence of the historical documents, it is concluded that the "Majiang-style bronze drum" is the relic of the Buyi people living there at that time;and from the Miao nationality in the central dialect area Starting from the time and place of migration, it is verified that the real thing of the "Majiang-style bronze drum" is not the relic of the Miao nationality;from the cultural core analysis of the Miao nationality "drum" cultural description and custom in the central dialect area, the "Bronze Drum" culture is in the middle of the Miao nationality dialect. The cultural identity of the district is just the essence of "entertainment".