牛结核病疫苗研究进展

Research Progress on Bovine Tuberculosis Vaccines

目前处于临床试验阶段的医用结核病疫苗共计15种,其中临床I期6种、Ⅱ期6种、Ⅱb期2种、Ⅲ期1种。医用疫苗的进步为牛结核病疫苗应用提供了更多的选择。20世纪90年代起,英国、新西兰、西班牙等国陆续开展了野生动物的牛结核病免疫田间试验。现在全球虽然仍禁止使用疫苗免疫牛,但很多学者仍然进行了大量的牛结核病疫苗研究。英国动植物健康署(APHA)通过试验证实,卡介苗(BCG)-病毒载体疫苗联合免疫可强化BCG免疫效果。欧盟开展了结核病阶梯项目(TBSTEP),研究根除牛结核病的策略,其中包括疫苗和诊断试剂研发。此外,为扩大试验范围,欧盟食品安全局还要求开展牛结核病疫苗田间试验。

Presently,a total of 15 kinds of medical tuberculosis vaccines are at the stage of clinical trials,including6 kinds of vaccines at clinical stage Ⅰ,6 kinds at stage Ⅱ,2 kinds at stage Ⅱ b,and 1 kind at stage Ⅲ. With the development of medical vaccines,the bovine tuberculosis vaccines would be applied in a large range. Since the1990 s,the field trials for immunization against bovine tuberculosis in wild animals have been carried out in the United Kingdom,New Zealand,Spain and other countries. Although it is still prohibited to use vaccines in cattle in the world,a large number of related vaccine researches were carried out by many scholars. The immune effects of bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG)could be strengthened by combined immunization of BCG-viral vector vaccine as tested and con?rmed by British Animal and Plant Health Administration(APHA). The Tuberculosis Staging Project(TBSTEP)was performed by European Union to study strategies for eradicating bovine tuberculosis,including the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. In addition,the ?eld trials for bovine tuberculosis vaccines were also required to carry out by European Union Food Safety Authority so as to enlarge the scope of trials.