生物降解地膜对棉花温度、郁闭度、产量及纤维品质的影响

Effects of biodegradable mulch on cotton temperature, canopy density,yield and fiber quality

为了验证生物降解地膜在大田的应用效果,于2017年在新疆石河子设置生物降解地膜(biodegradable mulch film,BD)和普通地膜(common mulch,PE)棉田覆盖处理,研究滴灌条件下生物降解地膜降解程度及其对棉田土壤温度、棉花郁闭度、产量和品质的影响,并进行经济效益分析。结果表明:BD覆盖60 d后膜面开始降解,至棉花收获降解率为75.71%,PE全生育期未降解,地膜质量正常损耗4.70%;在棉花苗期、蕾期、花铃期及吐絮期4个时期中,BD土壤温度分别比PE土壤温度低1.80、2.32、2.26、0.91℃。BD和PE覆膜58 d时郁闭度没有差异,并同时于覆膜87 d时完成封行,但BD郁闭度增长速度比PE快6.36%。BD株高、果枝台数、单铃质量均较PE减少,但单株有效铃数较PE高0.1个。BD较PE减产55.8 kg/hm^2,棉花纤维品质没有差异,净收入减少1 012元/hm^2。在生产中,BD一定程度上可以代替普通地膜进行推广使用,改善残膜污染问题,但仍需在价格和功能上进一步优化。

The cotton field cover treatments including biodegradable mulch film(BD)and the common mulch(PE)were set up in 2017,Shihezi,Xinjiang to study the degree of degradation of biodegradable mulch film and effects on soil temperature,cotton canopy density,yield and quality under drip irrigation conditions.The economic effects were analyzed.Results showed that the film surface began to degrade after 60 days of BD coverage,and the degradation rate of cotton harvest was 75.71%.The PE was not degraded during the whole growth period,and the normal loss of film quality was 4.70%.The soil temperature at the four stages of cotton including seedling,bud,flowering and boll opening under BD treatment was 1.80,2.32,2.26,and 0.91℃lower than that under PE treatment,respectively.There was no difference in the degree of canopy density between the BD and PE at 58 d.The density was completed at 87 d.The growth rate of BD canopy was 6.36%faster than that of PE.The plant height,the number of fruit branches,and the weight of single bolls of BD were all lower than that of PE,but the number of effective bolls per plant of BD was 0.1 higher than that of PE.BD reduced production by 55.8 kg/hm^2 compared with PE.There was no difference in cotton fiber quality.The net income of BD decreased by 1 012 yuan/hm^2.In production,BD can be used to replace the common film and improve the residual film pollution problem to a certain extent,but the price and function is still needed to be further optimized.