甘肃牧区牧民对草原生态补奖政策满意度研究

Herders’ satisfaction with the grassland ecological reward policy in Gansu rangeland areas

在中国政府致力于完善草原生态补奖机制的背景下,如何权衡牧民禁牧减畜与收入减少之间的矛盾,提高牧民对政策的满意度,是完善草原生态补奖政策亟须解决的关键科学问题。第一轮草原生态补偿政策实施期(2011-2015年)已结束,第二期(2016-2020年)已经开始,评估牧民对第一期补偿政策的满意度,对完善第二期草原生态补偿机制具有重要的借鉴意义。本研究以甘南、肃南和天祝500户牧户为调查对象,采用探索性因子分析,选取牧民社会经济特征、牧民对草原生态补奖政策的感知质量和感知价值3个潜变量,构建牧民对草原生态补偿政策满意度结构方程模型。结果显示,牧民受教育水平越高,获得的草原生态补奖额度越高,其对草原生态补奖政策的满意度也越高。牧民生活与放牧地区自然灾害发生情况,以及水质和水量的下降情况从侧面反映该地区草原生态环境情况。因此,本研究从完善牧区教育机制,强化草原生态补奖政策配套措施建设,鼓励牧民对草场进行科学管理等方面提出增强牧民对草原生态补奖政策满意度的建议。

In the early 2000 s, the Chinese government banned grazing of rangeland to reverse degradation becoming apparent at that time. Subsequently a grassland ecological reward mechanism has been introduced to compensate herders for loss of grazing rights. How to secure herders’ compliance with grazing restrictions that reduce their income, and to improve herders’ satisfaction with the policy are key scientific questions for the future development of the grassland ecological reward policy. The implementation of the grassland ecological rewards policy is an important policy mechanism for gaining herders’ acceptance of grazing restrictions in order to control grassland degradation, protect the grassland ecological environment and improve the living standards of herders. The implementation of the first round of the grassland ecological reward policy(2011-2015) has been completed, and the second phase(2016-2020) has begun. Assessing herders’ satisfaction with the grassland ecological reward policy in the first phase has significant implications for improvement of the second phase of the policy. Herders from Gannan, Sunan and Tianzhu in rangeland areas of Gansu pastoral were surveyed, and an exploratory factor analysis constructed to choose three latent variables, including the herders’ social status, herders’ perception of the quality of the grassland ecological reward policy, and their perceived benefit from the policy. The empirical results demonstrated that herders with better educational background or who received higher amounts in grassland ecological reward payments, had greater satisfaction with the policy. In addition, the frequency of natural disasters, and the degree of decline in water quality and availability indirectly reflected the grassland ecological status in herders’ living and grazing areas. Combining the theoretical and empirical analysis, policy suggestions such as improvement of the educational system in rangeland areas, strengthening the grassland ecological supplementary support systems, and encouraging herders to adopt scientific management of pastures, are highly recommended as strategies to promote herder’s satisfaction with the grassland ecological reward policy, and thereafter to improve grassland ecological service functions.