劳动的异化逻辑与解放——论马克思《巴黎手稿》研究中的两条路径

The Logic of Alienated Labor and Its Liberation——Two Different Theoretical Approaches Employed in Marx's Paris Manuscripts

在《巴黎手稿》中,围绕着《1844年经济学哲学手稿》第一手稿中的异化劳动理论问题,马克思的研究展开为两条不同的路径。在《穆勒评注》中,马克思用"交往异化论"来补充完成了异化劳动理论中未解决的关于劳动和资本主义私有财产之间相互作用的动态形成过程。但这是一种将异化劳动纳入流通过程来解释的理论框架,因此在其中劳动失去走向异化及摆脱异化的主体能动性。而在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》第三手稿中,马克思基于感性主义哲学重新解释了劳动及其异化,以一种积极的方式看待资本主义工业劳动带来的进步意义,从而提出基于感性丰富性的从异化中解放出来的途径。这样,异化逻辑和解放这两个不同结构的问题就交织在《巴黎手稿》中,构成了早期马克思哲学思想的理论张力。

In order to deal with the problem that lies in the theory of alienated labor in the first manuscript of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx developed two theoretical approaches in his Paris Manuscripts. In Comments on James Mill, Marx complemented the theory of alienated labor by adopting his theory of communication alienation as it well coped with the dynamic process of interaction between labor and capitalistic private property. However, it is such a theoretical framework integrating alienated labor with the process of circulation that may suppress the subjectivity of labor which definitely lead to labor’s approach and shift to alienation. In the third note of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx reinterpreted labor and its alienation based on the perceptual philosophy and spoke highly of industrial labor of capitalism, in which labor might liberate itself from alienation on the base of richness of sensuousness. In this way available in Marx’s Paris Manuscript are the two different theoretical approaches, which constitute the theoretical interpretation of early Marxist Philosophy.