2008—2017年广州市海珠区肺结核患者登记情况及特征分析

Analysis of the registration status and characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Haizhu district of Guangzhou city from 2008 to 2017

目的了解广州市海珠区肺结核患者登记情况及流行特征,为进一步做好海珠区肺结核防治提供依据。方法收集2008—2017年海珠区结核病信息管理系统中按现住址登记的肺结核患者资料,采用描述性流行病学方法和相关统计方法对肺结核患者登记资料进行分析。结果 2008—2017年海珠区共报告登记肺结核患者14 384例,年报告发病率由2008年的105.3/10万下降到2017年的73.1/10万,呈下降趋势(χ~2=164.973,P<0.001);男女发病相对比为2:1;各个年龄组均有发病,其中25～34岁年龄组发病人数最多,占总发病数的21.61%;职业分布方面,家务及待业人群最多,占总发病率34.48%,其次分别是其他(不固定职业),占17.29%,退休人群,占15.12%,学校学生占比5.52%。地区分布方面,各街道年平均发病率相差较大,最高为131.23/10万,最低的为66.40/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=164.973,P<0.001)。结论广州市海珠区肺结核疫情呈逐年下降趋势,但部分街道肺结核发病率仍达100/10万以上。男性人群、25～34岁年龄组和低收入人群(家务及待业、不固定职业、退休人群)是防控的主要人群,学生肺结核发病人数多,要加强学校结核病防控和筛查工作。

Objective To understand the registration situation and epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis patients in Haizhu district of guangzhou, and to provide a basis for further prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Haizhu district. Methods The data of tuberculosis patients registered at present address in the TB information management system of Haizhu district from 2008 to 2017 were collected, and the registration data of tuberculosis patients were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods and relevant statistical methods. Results From 2008 to 2017, 14 384 cases of tuberculosis patients were reported in Haizhu district. The annual reported incidence rate decreased from 105.3/100 000 in 2008 to 73.1/100 000 in 2017, showing a down ward trend (χ^2 = 164.973, P <0.001). The relative incidence of male and female was 2:1;all age groups had morbidity, of which 25~34 years old group had the largest number of cases, accounting for 21.61% of the total number of cases;in occupational distribution, household chores and unemployed were the most, accounting for 34.48 %, followed by other (non-fixed occupations), accounting for 17.29%, retired people, accounting for 15.12%, and school students accounting for 5.52%. In terms of regional distribution, the average annual incidence rate of each street varied greatly, with the highest being 131.23/100 000 and the lowest being 66.40/100 000. The difference is statistically significant(χ^2=164.973, P <0.001). Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis in Haizhu district of Guangzhou has been decreasing year by year, but the incidence of tuberculosis in some streets is still more than 100/100 000. Male population, 25~34 years old group and low-income population (domestic and underemployed, irregular occupation, retired population) are the main population for prevention and control. Students have a large number of cases of tuberculosis, so we need to strengthen prevention, control and screening of tuberculosis in schools.