黄河山东段水化学特征及其控制因素

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Their Controlling Factors in the Shandong Section of the Yellow River

以黄河山东段为研究区域,于2017年采集高村和利津2个断面的枯水期、平水期及丰水期水样,分析了河水水化学参数的时空变化特征,同时运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图及离子比,分析了河水的水化学类型、水化学控制因素及离子来源。结果表明,黄河山东段河水呈弱碱性,TDS范围为578～650 mg/L,河水TDS从上游到下游呈升高趋势。河水水化学类型为HCO_3-SO_4-Na-Ca型。河水水化学参数,在空间上,除pH外,其余参数从上游到下游均呈上升趋势;在时间上,除Cl^-和K^++Na^+2项参数外,其余参数含量大都符合ω_(枯水期)>ω_(平水期)>ω_(丰水期)。河水水化学的主要控制因素为岩石风化,受人为活动影响较小。河水中离子的主要来源为碳酸盐岩、硅酸岩盐、石膏、泻盐矿物风化、蒸发岩盐溶解和大气降水。

Taking the Yellow River in Shandong section as the research area, water samples from Gaocun and Lijin stations in low flow period, normal flow period and high flow period in 2017 were collected, and the variation of temporal and spatial characteristics of hydrochemical character was analyzed. Methods including Piper triangular diagrams, Gibbs figure, and ion ratio were used to investigate the hydrochemistry type, the possible controls and the source of major ions. The results indicated that the water of the Yellow River in Shandong section was weakly alkaline and the total dissolved solid (TDS) in the river water varied from 578 to 650 mg/L. The TDS values increased from upstream to downstream. The hydrochemistry type was HCO 3-SO 4-Na-Ca. In terms of space, except for pH, the other hydrochemical characters were increased from upstream to downstream. And in terms of time, expcept for the contents of Cl –and K ++Na +, the contents of the other hydrochemical characters were basically correspond low flow period>normal flow period>high flow period. The main control factors of river water chemistry were rock weathering, which was less affected by human activities. The ions in river water were mainly derived from chemical weathering of carbonate rocks, silicate rocks, gypsum and epsomite, dissolving of evaporate, and meteoric water.