人用H7N9疫苗的研究进展

Progress on avian influenza H7N9 vaccine for human use

2013年3月,在中国首次出现低致病性H7N9病毒感染者并致死的病例。迄今为止,中国共出现5次H7N9病毒流行的疫情。其间,H7N9病毒不断发生变异,新的基因型以及高致病性H7N9病毒相继出现。变异的H7N9病毒对禽类养殖业和人类的公共卫生造成了严重的威胁,疫苗是预防H7N9病毒流行的有效措施。目前,全世界尚无临床可用的人用H7N9疫苗,但各类备选H7N9疫苗都在研究中,如灭活疫苗、减毒疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、核酸疫苗和病毒载体疫苗等。其中,一些H7N9疫苗已进入临床研究阶段。现对各类人用H7N9疫苗的研究进展作一概述。

Low pathogenic H7N9 virus infection was first reported to be lethal to human in China in March 2013.Up to now,five epidemic outbreaks of H7N9 influenza occurred in China's Mainland.H7N9 virus has undergone continuous mutations during these epidemics,and many new genotypes of H7N9 including highly pathogenic virus have emerged.The newly-emerged genotypes of H7N9,especially the highly pathogenic virus posed serious threats to poultry industry and public health.Vaccination is the most effective countermeasure in prevention of H7N9 virus infection.So far,there are no available vaccines for human use against H7N9 virus infection.However,the relevant types of vaccines,including inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,subunit vaccines,virus-like particle vaccines,DNA/RNA vaccines and viral vector-based vaccines have been developed.Among these candidate vaccines,some of them have been tested in clinical trials.Here,recent advances in the development of vaccines against H7N9 virus infection will be discussed,and the advantages and disadvantages of these vaccines reviewed as well.