“城市人”视角下残疾人聚居空间满意度研究——以南京市为例

SATISFACTION RESEARCH ON THE SETTLEMENTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES BASED ON HOMO-URBANICUS THEORY:A CASE STUDY OF NANJING

残疾人作为典型的弱势群体,确保其基本生存空间需要是城市规划的重要责任,也是人本思想的重要体现。本文从"城市人"规划理论中典型城市人与典型人居的匹配关系切入,用满意度来衡量残疾人追求空间接触机会的水平,以南京市域为实证范围,采取半结构式访谈法,对南京市老旧小区、保障性小区、农村社区三类典型人居共计6个样本单元进行满意度总体评价,并通过对残疾人出行场所的偏好分析,识别最高满意度样本单元(凤栖苑社区)的人居特征,以及不同类型人居单元的残疾人出行空间偏好差异。研究发现,残疾人聚居存在对"家及周边"这一空间范围的强偏好与对突破"家及周边"空间弱依赖的双重特征。为提升残疾人对聚居空间的满意度,研究提出下一步规划应遵循"从全面到重点、从基础到提升"的原则,在空间供给时应优先强化"家及周边"这一空间范围内的残疾人出行保障,再拓展"家及周边"范围外的残疾人偏好场所。

People with disabilities(PwDs)are relatively vulnerable in their daily life.To satisfy the needs of PwDs is an important issue for urban planners,and also an important embodiment of humanistic thought.In order to analyze the matching relationship between archetypical homo-urbanicus and archetypical human settlements from HomoUrbanicus theory,this paper measures the standards of pursuing spatial contacts of PwDs by assessing satisfaction.Taking Nanjing City as an empirical case,and using semi-structured interview method,the paper evaluates the satisfaction and spatial preference for daily trip of PwDs from six sample settlement units which covers three archetypes:old community,affordable community,and rural community.It then identifies the unit with maximum satisfaction(Fengqiyuan Community),and compares the differences in spatial preference among three archetypes.The result shows that PwDs have strong preference for their home and surrounding area,and weak dependence on breaking this spatial scope.To improve PwDs’ satisfaction for their settlement,the paper suggests that the future planning should firstly enable PwDs’ mobility and accessibility in their home and surrounding area before improving facilities in broader areas.