清代云南矿业中的内地移民及其作用——以铜矿为中心的考察

Title: Mainland Immigrants in Yunnan Mining Industry in the Qing Dynasty and Their Role:A study Centered on Copper Mines

清代云南是中国矿业移民的主要聚集区域,在矿业政策的激励下,移民活动持续了百余年,并在乾隆时期达到高潮,移民人口数量高达10余万。矿业移民是自发性的,为了适应矿区的生产、生活,他们的聚居方式经历了从聚乡而居到同姓聚居的演变。移民在此过程中融入了地方社会经济的发展中,完成了从移民到土著的身份转变,他们的社会活动推动了云南矿冶业的鼎盛,推进了云南山区开发进程。

In the Qing Dynasty,Yunnan was the main gathering area for mining immigrants in China.Under the encouragement of mining policies,immigration activities lasted for more than 100 years and reached a climax during the Qianlong period,with an immigrant population of more than 100,000.Mining immigrants are spontaneous.In order to adapt to the production and life of the mining area,their settlements have experienced the evolution from gathering homes to living together.In this process,immigrants have integrated into the local social and economic development,and completed the transformation from immigration to indigenous identity.Their social activities promoted the prosperity of Yunnan mining and metallurgy industry and promoted the development process of mountainous areas in Yunnan.