论《民法总则》中的禁止权利滥用原则

On the Principle of Prohibiting Rights Abuse in the General Provisions of Civil Law

我国《民法总则》第132条正式确立了民事领域中的禁止权利滥用原则,要求民事主体不得滥用民事权利损害国家利益、社会公共利益或者他人合法权益。由于民事主体如何行使权利,完全是依其个人意思决定的,所以禁止权利滥用原则本质上就是对意思自治原则的限制,但这种限制通过民法宪法化和权利社会化的理论获得其正当性。禁止权利滥用原则是一项法律原则,因此有必要分析其构成要件和法律效果。

The 132nd article of China's General Provisions of Civil Law officially establishes the principle of prohibiting the abuse of rights in the civil field,requiring civil subjects not to abuse civil rights to damage national interests,public interests or the legitimate rights and interests of others.How the civil subject exercises his rights is determined entirely by his personal meaning.Therefore,the principle of prohibiting the abuse of rights is essentially a restriction of autonomy of will.However,this restriction is justified by the theories of constitutionalization of civil law and socialization of rights.The principle of the prohibition of the abuse of rights is a legal principal and it is necessary to analyze its constituent elements and legal effects.