国家创新体系立法的美国实践及其启示

American Practice in the National Innovation System Legislation and Its Enlightenment

美国在国家创新体系方面制定了《全国合作研究与生产法》《美国竞争再授权法案》等多部法律。2017年6月1日由美国总统签署生效的《创新与竞争力法案》是美国国家创新体系立法的集大成者,该法案在基础研究、行政减负、STEM教育、公民科学、成果转化等方面创设了一系列新制度。我国国家创新体系立法应借鉴美国经验,遵循以法治引领创新体系建设的立法思路,构建以"研发-转化"保障为核心,覆盖人才、金融、环境等内容的综合性法律体系,强化政府激励在国家创新体系中的创新引领和保障作用。

The US has formulated the multiple laws such as National Cooperation Research and Production Law and the US Competition Reauthorization Act in terms of constructing national innovation system. The Innovation and Competitiveness Act, signed by the President of the United States on June 1, 2017, is a master of the national innovation system legislation, which was created a series of new systems in basic research, administrative burden reduction, STEM education, citizen science, and transformation of results. China’s national innovation system legislation should draw on the experience of the United States, follow the legislative ideas of leading the system innovation with the rule of law, and build a comprehensive legal system that covers the core of "research and development-transformation" and covers talents, finance, environment, etc., and strengthens the dominant position of government. encourage in the national innovation system.