宽容文化与科技创新:一项基于国际比较的实证分析

Tolerance and Innovation: An International Comparative Study

创新和经济增长理论的最新进展强调,文化是影响创新绩效和经济增长的深层因素。本文将社会宽容作为文化环境的重要维度,并利用全球创新指数(GII)、社会进步指数(SPI)和世界银行的相关数据对其与国家科技创新绩效的关系进行了实证分析。研究发现,在发展中经济体中社会宽容对专利产出没有影响,对普通科技论文产出有显著的抑制作用,但能显著促进高水平科技论文产出;在发达经济体中,社会宽容对专利和论文产出,特别是高水平的专利和论文产出有显著的促进作用。上述结果意味着社会宽容对于高水平科技创新始终非常重要,但对普通创新的影响则在不同的发展阶段存在明显差异。

Drawing on insights from innovation theory and endogenous growth theory, the paper explores the relationship between tolerance and the performance of innovation. Using the data collected from "Global Innovation Index" and uSocial Progress Index", this study examines the impact of tolerance on basic innovation and improvement innovation respectively, and the differences between the impacts in developing economies and developed economies. The study shows that in the developing economies, tolerance has no significant impact on patent output, but will reduce the output of paper and increase the output of high-level paper. In the developed economies, however, tolerance has significant positive impact on both patent and paper (especially high-quality paper). The findings imply that tolerance is always important for basic innovation, whilst the influence of tolerance on improvement innovation varies significantly at different stages of development.