肿瘤细胞外泌体对肿瘤血管新生的调控作用

The Role of Tumor Cell Derived Exosomes in Angiogenesis

外泌体可将其内容物蛋白质、脂类、RNA、循环DNA等生物活性分子由供体细胞转运至受体细胞,对细胞与细胞间的通讯发挥重要调控作用。肿瘤细胞可以主动释放包括外泌体在内的胞外囊泡进入周围微环境。血管为肿瘤的生长提供氧气和营养物质,因此血管新生是肿瘤生长所必需的。研究发现,蛋白或非编码RNA在不同肿瘤细胞衍生的外泌体中存在特异性表达的现象。肿瘤外泌体将其内含的非编码RNA以及蛋白转运至内皮细胞,上调促血管新生因子的表达,进而提高内皮细胞的活性,促进其增殖、迁移和管腔形成。

Exosomes transport bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA and circulating DNA from donor cells to recipient cells, which play an important role in regulating cell-cell communication. Tumor cells can actively release extracellular vesicles including exosomes into surrounding microenvironment. In addition,vessels provide oxygen and nutrients for tumor growth which is necessary for tumor growth. Some studies have demonstrated that the expression of proteins or non-coding RNAs are specifcally showed in different tumor cellderived exosomes. To be exact, tumor exosomes can transport the non-coding RNA and protein contained in the tumor into endothelial cells, up-regulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, and then increase the activity of endothelial cells to promote their proliferation, migration and tube formation.