2016年-2017年河南省餐饮食品中铝的检测与评估

Investigation and evaluation of aluminum in restaurant food in Henan

目的分析了解2016年-2017年河南省餐饮食品中铝的污染状况,为以后开展餐饮食品监督检验工作提供数据支持。方法根据国家食品安全风险监测的要求,在河南省不同区域的不同采样地点采集具有代表性的不同类型的餐饮食品共206批。采用微波消解法进行样品前处理,电感耦合等离子质谱法进行铝的检测。计算不同种类餐饮食品中铝的污染指数,采用点评估方法,对居民进行餐饮食品中铝的初步评估分析。结果经检测,2016年-2017年的206份样本,铝含量值在检出限(LOD)～25 mg/kg的值有190份样品,占总测定样品量的92.2%,铝的超标率为4.9%,发酵面制品铝污染指数P_i为3.1,其他类别餐饮食品铝的污染指数均<0.2。以EDI_(90)代表居民铝暴露量的最高水平,城市和农村居民的每周膳食暴露量分别为0.214 mg/(kg·BW)、0.239 mg/(kg·BW),均低于JECFA 2011年暂定的每周耐受摄入量[2.0 mg/(kg·BW)],而且居民膳食铝的安全限值(MOS)>1,表明铝对人体的安全风险可以接受。结论河南省餐饮食品中铝污染程度较低,食品安全趋势总体向好,但一些餐饮食品类别中仍有使用铝添加剂现象,监管部门仍要加强对河南省餐饮食品的监测和监管,确保餐饮食品安全。

Objective To analyze the situation of aluminum pollution in restaurant food in Henan from 2016 to 2017,so as to provide data support for health supenision and monitoring in the future.Methods According to the requirements of national food safety monitoring,206 samples of 4 different kinds collected in different sampling sites in Henan district were processed by using microwave digestion method,and were tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The pollution index of aluminum in different kinds of restaurant food was calculated.The point assessment method was applied for exposure assessment and safely daily intake estimation.Results A total of 206 restaurant food samples during 2016-2017 were tested.There were 190 samples of aluminum content within the detection limit(LOD)~ 25 mg/kg,accounting for 92.2% of the total sample.The violation rate was 4.9%.The aluminum pollution index(Pi)of fermented noodle products was 3.1 ,but Pi values of other types of restaurant food were less than 0.2.EDI90 represents the highest level of aluminum exposure.The weekly dietary exposure of urban and rural residents were 0.214 ing/(kg.BW)and 0.239 nig/(kg.BW),respectively,which were lower than the tentative weekly tolerable intake [2.0 mg/(kg.BW)] of JECFA in 2011.Moreover,the safety limits(MOS)of residential dietary aluminum were larger than 1 ,indicating that aluminum's safety risk to the human body was acceptable.Conclusion Pollution level of aluminum in restaurant food in Henan is low and the safety trend is getting better,but aluminum additive is still used in restaurant food,so the government must strengthen the monitoring and supervision to ensure restaurant food safety.