明清江南乡村祭祀演剧的基本形态与文化内涵

Basic Forms and Cultural Connotation of the Ancestor Worship Dramas in Jiangnan Rural Areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasty

祭祀演剧是乡村强化社会秩序的重要仪式。明代中叶开始,宗族祭祀放开,乡村普遍建立宗祠,宗族管理得到加强,祭祀演剧活动更为丰富。在重点考察江南乡村祭祀演剧中的传统仪式戏剧与职业戏剧两种形式后,以《长生殿》与"孟戏"为例,分析了祭祀戏剧独特的价值表达及所实现的文化功能。

The ancestor worship drama is an important ritual to enforce the social orders in rural area.From the mid Ming Dynasty,with the opening of clan worship and the establishment of ancestral halls,the management of clan was enforced and the worship dramas became more abundant.The paper investigates two major forms of worship dramas,namely the traditional ritual drama and the drama for entertaining purposes,in Jiangnan rural areas.Then the paper analyzes the values and cultural functions of the worship drama by the case study of the Palace of Eternal Life and dramas about Meng Jiangnv.