资本收益率、经济增长率与居民收入差距——基于中国1978—2013年数据的分析

Return on Capital, Economic Growth Rate and Residents Income Gap——Based on the Data Analysis from 1978 To 2013 in China

我国居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势不仅成为经济发展的一个制约因素,而且成为影响社会发展的一个重要因素。探索我国居民收入差距扩大的原因,进一步寻找缩小居民收入差距的途径和措施,成为经济学研究的一个重要命题。本文把资本收益率与经济增长率关系引入居民收入差距的分析框架,并借助我国改革开放后的数据检验了这一分析框架的适用性。结果显示,我国改革开放后居民收入差距扩大的趋势与资本收益率超出经济增长率的趋势相吻合。这给我们选择缩小居民收入差距的政策提供了一个可以遵循的方向。

The trend of widening income gap between residents in China has not only become a constraint to economic development, but also an important factor affecting social development. It has become a significant proposition in economics research to explore the reasons for the widening of the income gap between Chinese residents and to further find ways and measures to narrow the gap. This article introduces the relationship between the rate of return on capital and the rate of economic growth into the analysis framework of the income gap between residents and tests its applicability by the data after China’s reform and opening up. The results show that the trend of widening income gap is consistent with the trend of capital return rate exceeding economic growth rate. This provides a direction for us to choose policies to narrow the income gap.