中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在脓毒症中的研究进展

The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis

脓毒症是重症监护病房中导致患者死亡的主要原因,它的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明,目前认为主要和病原微生物的清除、炎症反应、凝血功能等有关。中性粒细胞在固有免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用,是机体防御病原体的第一道防线,它可以通过吞噬、脱颗粒来抵抗病原微生物;此外,它还可以通过形成中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracelluar traps,NETs)来捕获和杀灭病原体。NETs是由DNA骨架、组蛋白、颗粒成分以及胞浆蛋白组成的网状物。尽管已经有研究发现,NETs在脓毒症的发病过程中起到了对机体的保护作用,但也有证据表明,脓毒症时NETs的产生使得病情加重。现将就NETs的研究进展及其在脓毒症发病过程中的作用进行总结。

Sepsis is a leading course of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis has not yet been fully elucidated, which is considered to be related to pathogen removal, inflammatory response, blood coagulation and so on. Neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response, providing the first line of defense in protecting the body from infection. They can resist pathogenic microorganisms by phagocytosis and degranulation. In addition, it has recently been shown that these cells can trap and kill microorganisms by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs) composed of DNA, histones, granular components and some cytoplasmic proteins. Although the beneficial role of NETs during sepsis has been demonstrated, there is increasing evidence that NETs contribute to sepsis. Therefore, this article aimed to review the current research progress of NETs and their role in the pathogenesis of sepsis.