村庄公共品供给中“政府失灵”的成因及其路径重构——基于公共选择理论视角

The Causes and Path Reconstruction of "Government Failure" in Village Public Goods Supply Based on the Perspective of Public Choice Theory

由于公共品具有非竞争性、非排他性特征,市场难以提供或不能完全提供,由此村庄公共品供给主要由各级政府主导,又因其主导地位不易动摇,加之公共品供给缺乏竞争、供给主体的经济人行为、需求主体的参与性不足、社会力量参与性不足等因素影响,一定程度上导致了政府的失灵,如公共品供给的城乡二元化、供与求失衡、供给效率低及政府"寻租"等。文章基于公共选择理论视角,以村庄公共品供给为切入点,深入剖析村庄公共品供给中政府失灵的深层原因,并在此基础上提出村庄公共品供给的路径重构,以弥补政府失灵。

Due to the non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics of public goods, the market is difficult to provide or can not fully provide, so the supply of public goods in villages is mainly dominated by governments at all levels, and its dominant position is not easy to shake, coupled with the lack of competition in the supply of public goods, the economic man behavior of the supplier, the insufficient participation of the demander and the insufficient participation of social forces, and other factors, which affect the supply of public goods for a certain period of time. In degree, it leads to government failure , such as dualization of public goods supply between urban and rural areas, imbalance between supply and demand, inefficiency of supply, and government "rent-seeking" and so on. Based on the perspective of public choice theory, this paper takes the supply of village public goods as the breakthrough point, deeply analyses the deep reasons of government failure in the supply of village public goods, and puts forward the reconstruction of the supply path of village public goods to make up for the government failure.