何震的女子非军备主义论及其论述语境

He Zhen's Feminist Antimilitarism and Its Discursive Context

何震(1886-1920?)可能是中国最早甚至唯一提出女性主义无政府反战理论者。1907年刊登于《天义报》的《女子非军备主义论》一文,从女子与平民的立场提出了激进的女子反军备主义观。其论述资源远自当时欧洲国际共产主义反军国主义论述/实践,近至日俄战争以来日本无政府主义的非战论以及中国传统诗文。本文试就《天义报》相关的整体论述语境,阐释何震《女子反军备主义论》内容要义及其历史性意义。本文阐析上述种种脉络的具体内容,以说明这种政治性的激进反军备主义如何联结了当时无政府世界主义与国际共产主义反战运动;何震如何接合女子与平民的位置,反对知识界支配性的"强兵"论,并批判当时结合现代资本主义代议制与资产阶级国族主义的女权论。何震以中国传统诗文论证妇女的战争经验、反战的必要及其意义,首度从战争议题分析的进路研究文学性的诗文,为战争诗文研究之滥觞,亦为传统诗歌研究展现了新方法。

Using discursive resources ranging from contemporary European International Communist antimilitarist movement discourse/practice, Japanese anarchist antimilitarisms since the Russo-Japanese War( 1904-1905),as well as Chinese classic poetry, He Zhen(1886-1920?) is probably the first woman to propose a feminist anarchist antimilitarism in China. Her article "On Feminist Antimilitarism," published in Tien Yee( Tian Yi,Natural Justice)in 1907,suggests a radical feminist antimilitarist agendum from the standpoint of women as common people. This paper discusses the historical significance of He Zhen’s "On Feminist Antimilitarism" in the comprehensive discursive context of Tien Yee,explains how this political radical antimilitarism echoes its contemporary anarchist cosmopolitanism and international communist antimilitarism, and in particular, shows how He Zhen articulates the position of women and common people to oppose the zealous belief in " strengthening the military force" flourishing at the time among intellectuals, capitalist representatives, and democratic and nationalist feminisms. He Zhen’s generous employment of Chinese classical poetry to demonstrate women’s experiences in war and the necessity and meaning of the antiwar effort, shows the first case of literary approach which analyses traditional poetry from the antiwar perspective. Her study thus opens up war poetry studies in Chinese literature and creates a new angle into traditional Chinese poetry.